Review of remediation methods for agricultural and forest soils affected by toxic metals and metalloids
Keywords:
metals , metalloids, remediation, physical methods, chemical methods, biological methodsAbstract
attention due to the excessive accumulation of persistent pollutants such as toxic metals and metalloids. This research aims to identify the methods used for the remediation of soils affected by toxic metals and metalloids by reviewing specialized literature. The study is qualitative, based on content analysis. One hundred and three articles published between 1990 and 2023 were reviewed. The results show that the most used methods to eliminate or immobilize toxic metals and metalloids in affected soils have been classified according to purpose, mitigation measures, source control and containment of contaminants. Although all published methods aim to prevent the degradation of ecosystems and the progression of contaminants to food chains, it is important to separate them according to the techniques used, since they may involve physical, chemical agents, microorganisms, or plants. The methods for the remediation of soils affected with toxic metals and metalloids reviewed in this document are classified according to their nature into three groups: physical methods, chemical methods, and biological methods.
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