Eutrofización cultural: evolución del conocimiento científico global y brechas regionales en Latinoamérica

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Resumen

La eutrofización cultural (EC) constituye una de las principales presiones antropogénicas sobre los ecosistemas acuáticos a nivel global, asociada principalmente con el enriquecimiento excesivo de nutrientes derivado de la agricultura intensiva, las descargas de aguas residuales y las actividades industriales. A pesar de su relevancia ecológica y socioambiental, el conocimiento científico sobre su distribución, terminología, causas y ecosistemas afectados presenta una marcada heterogeneidad, particularmente en regiones como Latinoamérica. Este estudio realizó un mapeo sistemático de la literatura para caracterizar la evolución del conocimiento científico sobre la EC entre 2000 y 2023, mediante el análisis de tendencias temporales, distribución geográfica, tipos de ecosistemas estudiados y causas antropogénicas reportadas. Se revisaron 321 artículos indexados en Scopus mediante el software Publish or Perish. Los resultados evidencian un incremento sostenido de publicaciones, con mayor concentración entre 2018 y 2021. Se identificaron cuatro conceptos principales: eutrofización, eutrofización costera, eutrofización antropogénica y eutrofización cultural, siendo este el término predominante. La producción científica se concentró principalmente en Norteamérica y Europa, mientras que África y Latinoamérica permanecieron subrepresentadas. Los lagos fueron los ecosistemas más estudiados, seguidos por estuarios y ríos, reflejando un predominio de investigaciones en ambientes continentales. Las principales causas antropogénicas identificadas fueron la agricultura, las descargas de aguas residuales y las actividades industriales. En Latinoamérica se registraron 33 estudios, principalmente de México y Guatemala, centrados en lagos. Este estudio identifica vacíos geográficos y ecosistémicos relevantes, resaltando la necesidad de fortalecer la investigación en regiones y sistemas ecológicos subrepresentados.

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2026-07-30

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Eutrofización cultural: evolución del conocimiento científico global y brechas regionales en Latinoamérica. (2026). Revista Tlamati sabiduría En línea , 23(36), 49-73. https://www.revistatlamati.uagro.mx/revista/index.php/tlamati/article/view/38

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